Test 4 · Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour

«Sonic rolls into a ball and smashes stuff, real hedgehogs do that right» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Sonic, real hedgehogs · What happens: roll, smash, do, be · To what, where: ball, stuff, right

This is test 4 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 rolls	punct
2	Sonic	Sonic	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 rolls	nsubj
3	rolls	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 ball	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 ball	det
6	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rolls	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 smashes	cc
8	smashes	smash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 rolls	conj
9	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 smashes	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 do	punct
11	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 hedgehogs	amod
12	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 do	nsubj
13	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 rolls	advcl
14	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 right	nsubj
15	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 do	obj
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 right	punct
17	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 right	nsubj
18	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 right	cop
19	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 right	acl:relcl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 rolls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	roll in a quote	present	Sonic		a ball		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination
2	smash in a quote	present	Sonic not said here	stuff			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stuff=Theme
3	do in a quote	present	real hedgehogs	right			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Eventuality
4	is	present				right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, they roll at their enemies at high speed, like spiky bowling balls

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 roll	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 roll	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 roll	nsubj
4	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 enemies	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 enemies	nmod:poss
7	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 roll	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 speed	case
9	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 speed	amod
10	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 roll	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 balls	punct
12	like	like	ADP	_	15 balls	case
13	spiky	spiky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 balls	amod
14	bowling	bowling	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 balls	compound
15	balls	ball	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 roll	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present	they			their enemies		at high speed; like spiky bowling balls	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme at enemy=Source at speed=Trajectory

Option 2

Yes, they smash rocks by rolling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 smash	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 smash	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 smash	nsubj
4	smash	smash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 smash	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 rolling	mark
7	rolling	roll	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 smash	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smash	present	they	rocks					vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme
2	roll	gerund	they not said here						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

No, hedgehogs cannot roll up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 roll	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 roll	nsubj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 roll	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 roll	advmod
6	roll	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 roll	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not roll up	can	hedgehogs						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They roll into a ball to protect themselves, not to attack

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 roll	nsubj
2	roll	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 ball	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 ball	det
5	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 roll	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 protect	mark
7	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 roll	advcl
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	7 protect	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 attack	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 attack	advmod
11	to	to	PART	_	12 attack	mark
12	attack	attack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 protect	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	roll	present	They		a ball	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination
2	protect	to-infinitive	They not said here	themselves = they		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary
3	not attack	to-infinitive	They not said here			vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/t4/