Exam question 3 · Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails,…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the response of a bull to the cape of a bullfighter.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response

This is exam question 3 of lesson 249 «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 response	det
11	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 bull	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bull	det
14	bull	bull	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 response	nmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	17 cape	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 cape	det
17	cape	cape	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bull	nmod
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 bullfighter	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 bullfighter	det
20	bullfighter	bullfighter	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cape	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the response of a bull to the cape of a bullfighter		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus response=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The animal is attracted by the odour of the dye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attracted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 attracted	aux:pass
4	attracted	attract	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 odour	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 odour	det
7	odour	odour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 attracted	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 dye	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dye	det
10	dye	dye	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 odour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract	present · passive	the odour of the dye	the animal					vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2

The animal perceives red as its sole visible colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 perceives	nsubj
3	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 perceives	xcomp
5	as	as	ADP	_	9 colour	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 colour	nmod:poss
7	sole	sole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 colour	amod
8	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 colour	amod
9	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 perceives	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	the animal					as animal's sole visible colour; red property	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent as colour=Attribute

Option 3

The animal is enraged specifically by the colour red, which it perceives more vividly than any other

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enraged	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 enraged	aux:pass
4	enraged	enrage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	specifically	specifically	ADV	_	4 enraged	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	9 red	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 red	det
8	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 red	compound
9	red	red	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enraged	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 perceives	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 perceives	nsubj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 perceives	nsubj
13	perceives	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 red	acl:relcl
14	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 vividly	advmod
15	vividly	vividly	ADV	_	13 perceives	advmod
16	than	than	ADP	_	18 other	case
17	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	18 other	det
18	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 vividly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enrage	present · passive		the animal				by the colour red; specifically property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
2	perceive	present	the colour red					vividly property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The animal responds to the movement of the cape rather than to its colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 responds	nsubj
3	responds	respond	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 movement	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 movement	det
6	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 responds	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 cape	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cape	det
9	cape	cape	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 movement	nmod
10	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	14 colour	cc
11	than	than	ADP	_	10 rather	fixed
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 colour	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 colour	nmod:poss
14	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cape	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respond speech: other	present	the animal					to the movement of the cape rather animal's colour	vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to movement=Theme
2	move			the cape rather animal's colour					nom movement «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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