Test 2 · Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails,…

In a cartoon a chameleon walks onto a tartan blanket and turns tartan. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: chameleon · What happens: walk, turn, be · To what, where: cartoon, tartan

This is test 2 of lesson 249 «Defences: tricks and myths: playing dead, dropping tails, ink, and do ostriches bury their heads?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a chameleon walks onto a tartan blanket and turns tartan.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walks	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 chameleon	det
5	chameleon	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walks	nsubj
6	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	onto	onto	ADP	_	10 blanket	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 blanket	det
9	tartan	tartan	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 blanket	amod
10	blanket	blanket	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 walks	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 turns	cc
12	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 walks	conj
13	tartan	tartan	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 turns	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 walks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	present	a chameleon			a cartoon		onto a tartan blanket	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory
2	turn	present	a chameleon not said here	tartan					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tartan=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Yes, real chameleons can copy any pattern they sit on in a second, even stripes and spots

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 copy	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 copy	punct
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 chameleons	amod
4	chameleons	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 copy	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 copy	aux
6	copy	copy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 pattern	det
8	pattern	pattern	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 copy	obj
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 sit	nsubj
10	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 pattern	acl:relcl
11	on	on	ADP	_	14 second	case
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 second	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 second	det
14	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sit	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 stripes	punct
16	even	even	ADV	_	17 stripes	advmod
17	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pattern	conj
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 spots	cc
19	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pattern	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	can	real chameleons	any pattern and stripes and spots					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme
2	sit	present	chameleons = chameleon	any pattern and stripes and spots not said here			second		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pattern=Theme

Option 2

They only change colour at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 change	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 change	advmod
3	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	They	colour			night		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient

Option 3

They turn invisible on blankets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turn	nsubj
2	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 turn	xcomp
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 blankets	case
5	blankets	blanket	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	They			blankets		invisible property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on blanket=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Real chameleons change colour mostly for mood and temperature, and cannot copy patterns like that

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 chameleons	amod
2	chameleons	chameleon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 change	nsubj
3	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obj
5	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	3 change	advmod
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 mood	case
7	mood	mood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 temperature	cc
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 mood	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 copy	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 copy	cc
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 copy	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 copy	advmod
14	copy	copy	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 change	parataxis
15	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 copy	obj
16	like	like	ADP	_	17 that	case
17	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 copy	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Real chameleons	colour				for mood and temperature; mostly property	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent colour=Theme for mood=Co-Theme
2	not copy	can		patterns				like that	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/249-defences-tricks-and-myths-playing-dead-dropping-tails-ink-and-ostriches/t2/