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Test 4 · Horses, zebras and donkeys

My cousin says zebras are white with black stripes. What do most scientists say?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, zebras, most scientists · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 25 «Horses, zebras and donkeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: My cousin says zebras are white with black stripes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	zebras	zebra	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 white	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 white	cop
6	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 says	ccomp
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 stripes	case
8	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 stripes	amod
9	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 white	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	My cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	zebras					with black stripes; white property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do most scientists say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 scientists	amod
4	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present							tree rules
2	say speech: assert	present	most scientists						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

It changes every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 changes	nsubj
2	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 year	det
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 changes	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	It				year		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

She is right, the skin under the hair is white

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 white	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 skin	det
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 white	nsubj
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 hair	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 hair	det
9	hair	hair	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 skin	nmod
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 white	cop
11	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 right	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	is	present	the skin under the hair					white property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are black-skinned, so black with white stripes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 skinned	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 skinned	aux:pass
3	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 skinned	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 black	punct
5	skinned	skin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 black	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	8 black	advmod
8	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 skinned	conj
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 stripes	case
10	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 stripes	amod
11	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 black	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	skin	present · passive		They					vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They are grey with no real stripes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grey	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 grey	cop
3	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	7 stripes	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 stripes	det
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stripes	amod
7	stripes	stripe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grey	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					with no real stripes; grey property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/25-horses-zebras-and-donkeys/t4/