Exam question 3 · Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of…

State the function of the minute apertures, hereinafter referred to as stomata, situated upon the underside of a leaf.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, refer, situate · To what, where: function, hereinafter, minute apertures, underside

This is exam question 3 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 function	det
3	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 apertures	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 apertures	det
6	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 apertures	compound
7	apertures	aperture	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 function	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 hereinafter	punct
9	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 apertures	conj
10	referred	refer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 hereinafter	acl
11	to	to	ADP	_	10 referred	obl
12	as	as	ADP	_	13 stomata	case
13	stomata	stomata	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 referred	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 situated	punct
15	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 apertures	acl
16	upon	upon	ADP	_	18 underside	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 underside	det
18	underside	underside	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 situated	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 leaf	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 leaf	det
21	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 underside	nmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the function of the minute apertures and hereinafter			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent function=Topic
2	refer	participle		hereinafter not said here		as stomata	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme
3	situate	participle		the minute apertures and hereinafter not said here	the underside of a leaf		vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon underside=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The secretion of nectar for pollinating insects

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 secretion	det
2	secretion	secretion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 nectar	case
4	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 secretion	nmod
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	6 pollinating	mark
6	pollinating	pollinate	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 secretion	acl
7	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 pollinating	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pollinate	gerund	the secretion of nectar not said here	insects					tree rules
2	secrete			nectar					nom secretion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The admission of air and the release of water vapour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 admission	det
2	admission	admission	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 air	case
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 admission	nmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 release	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 release	det
7	release	release	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 admission	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 vapour	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 vapour	compound
10	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 release	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	admit			air					nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The absorption of mineral salts from rainwater

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absorption	det
2	absorption	absorption	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 salts	case
4	mineral	mineral	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 salts	amod
5	salts	salt	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 absorption	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 rainwater	case
7	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 salts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb			mineral salts from rainwater					nom absorption «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The anchorage of the leaf to the stem

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 anchorage	det
2	anchorage	anchorage	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 leaf	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 leaf	det
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anchorage	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 stem	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 stem	det
8	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anchorage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anchor			the leaf				to the stem	nom anchorage «state transitive»: of=patient to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/e3/