Test 5 · Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of…

«autumn's here so the tree paints its leaves yellow, cool» What is a better way to say it?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tree · What happens: paint, be, say · To what, where: leaves, better way, tree · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 251 «Plants deeper: leaves and sunlight, how a tree is made of air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 here	punct
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 here	obl
3	's	's	PART	_	2 autumn	case
4	here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
5	so	so	SCONJ	_	8 paints	mark
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 tree	det
7	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 paints	nsubj
8	paints	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 here	advcl
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 leaves	nmod:poss
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 paints	obj
11	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 paints	xcomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 cool	punct
13	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 yellow	conj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 here	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 way	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 way	cop
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 way	det
18	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	19 way	amod
19	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 here	parataxis
20	to	to	PART	_	21 say	mark
21	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 way	acl
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 say	obj
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 here	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	paint in a quote	present	the tree	tree's leaves	yellow property	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent leaf=Destination
2	is a	present		a better way		tree rules
3	say speech: assert	to-infinitive		tree		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The yellow comes from the sun burning the leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 yellow	det
2	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 comes	nsubj
3	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 sun	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sun	det
6	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 comes	obl
7	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 comes	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 leaves	det
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 burning	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	the yellow			the sun			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sun=Initial_Location
2	burn	gerund	the yellow not said here	the leaves					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme

Option 2

The frost colours the leaves overnight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 colours	det
2	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 colours	compound
3	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 leaves	nsubj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 leaves	det
5	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	_	5 leaves	advmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The tree makes yellow paint out of the soil and sends it up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tree	det
2	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	nsubj
3	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 paint	amod
5	paint	paint	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obj
6	out	out	ADP	_	9 soil	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 soil	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 soil	det
9	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 makes	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 sends	cc
11	sends	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 makes	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 sends	obj
13	up	up	ADP	_	11 sends	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the tree	yellow paint		the soil			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset paint=Product
2	send up	present	the tree not said here	paint					vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The yellow was there all summer, hidden under the green

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 yellow	det
2	yellow	yellow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 there	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 there	cop
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 summer	det
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 there	obl:unmarked
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 hidden	punct
8	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 there	conj
9	under	under	ADP	_	11 green	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 green	det
11	green	green	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hidden	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the yellow				summer	there property	tree rules
2	hide	participle	the yellow not said here			the green			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under green=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/251-plants-deeper-leaves-and-sunlight-how-a-tree-is-made-of-air/t5/