Test 8 · The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines

Why is there no single vaccine that stops all colds?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: single vaccine · What happens: be, stop · To what, where: colds

This is test 8 of lesson 258 «The microscopic world: viruses and vaccines» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 vaccine	det
5	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 vaccine	amod
6	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 stops	nsubj
8	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 vaccine	acl:relcl
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 colds	det
10	colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 stops	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						why property	tree rules
2	stop	present	no single vaccine	all colds					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality cold=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Colds are too small to vaccinate against

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 small	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 small	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 small	advmod
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 vaccinate	mark
6	vaccinate	vaccinate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 small	advcl
7	against	against	ADP	_	6 vaccinate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Colds					small property	tree rules
2	vaccinate	to-infinitive	Colds not said here						tree rules

Option 2

Vaccines only work on animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 work	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 work	advmod
3	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 animals	case
5	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 work	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	work	present	Vaccines					on animals	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on animal=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Colds are not caused by germs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Colds	cold	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 caused	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 caused	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 caused	advmod
4	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 germs	case
6	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not cause	present · passive	germs	Colds					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

There are over 200 different cold viruses

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 are	expl
2	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	ADV	_	4 200	advmod
4	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 viruses	nummod
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 viruses	amod
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 viruses	amod
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	does	present	200 different cold viruses			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/258-the-microscopic-world-viruses-and-vaccines/t8/