Exam question 2 · Whales

Identify the principal grounds upon which whales are classified as mammals rather than fish.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, classify · To what, where: principal grounds, whales

This is exam question 2 of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 grounds	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 grounds	amod
4	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	1 Identify	obj
5	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	9 classified	mark
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 whales	det
7	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 classified	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 classified	aux:pass
9	classified	classify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	advcl
10	as	as	ADP	_	11 mammals	case
11	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 classified	obl
12	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	14 fish	cc
13	than	than	ADP	_	12 rather	fixed
14	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 mammals	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal grounds					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent grounds=Theme
2	classify	present · passive		which whales				as mammals rather fish	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme as mammal=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They possess fins and inhabit the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 inhabit	cc
5	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 possess	conj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	They	fins					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fin=Theme
2	inhabit	infinitive	They not said here	the sea					tree rules

Option 2

They respire by means of gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 respire	nsubj
2	respire	respire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 means	case
4	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 respire	ccomp
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 gills	case
6	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	respire	present	They						tree rules
2	mean	present	They not said here					of gills	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

They deposit eggs upon the seabed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 deposit	nsubj
2	deposit	deposit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deposit	obj
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 seabed	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 seabed	det
6	seabed	seabed	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deposit	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deposit	present	They	eggs		the seabed			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme upon seabed=Destination

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They respire air, are warm-blooded and suckle their young

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 respire	nsubj
2	respire	respire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 respire	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 blooded	punct
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 blooded	cop
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 blooded	amod
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 warm	punct
8	blooded	blooded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 respire	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 suckle	cc
10	suckle	suckle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 respire	conj
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 young	nmod:poss
12	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 suckle	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	respire	present	They	air		tree rules
2	is	present	They not said here		blooded property	tree rules
3	suckle	present	They not said here	their young		vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/e2/