Test 12 · ★★ · Whales
A sperm whale dives for an hour. Which must it do before diving and after coming up?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: sperm whale, whale · What happens: dive, do, come up
This is test 12 · ★★ of lesson 26 «Whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A sperm whale dives for an hour.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 whale | det |
| 2 | sperm | sperm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 whale | compound |
| 3 | whale | whale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dives | nsubj |
| 4 | dives | dive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 hour | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 hour | det |
| 7 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dives | obl |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dives | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dive | present | a sperm whale | hour | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which must it do before diving and after coming up?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 do | obj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 do | aux |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 do | nsubj |
| 4 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 6 diving | mark |
| 6 | diving | dive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 do | advcl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 coming | cc |
| 8 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 9 coming | mark |
| 9 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 diving | conj |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 coming | compound:prt |
| 11 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 do | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | must | whale | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | dive | gerund | whale not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | come up | gerund | whale not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1
Sleep on the surface for a day
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 surface | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 surface | det |
| 4 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Sleep | nmod |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 day | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 day | det |
| 7 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Sleep | obl |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Breathe air at the surface
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Breathe | obj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 surface | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 surface | det |
| 5 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Breathe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | imperative | you not said here | air | the surface | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
Option 3
Eat a mouthful of plankton
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 mouthful | det |
| 3 | mouthful | mouthful | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Eat | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 plankton | case |
| 5 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 mouthful | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | imperative | you not said here | a mouthful of plankton | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Patient |
Option 4
Fill its gills with water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fill | fill | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 gills | nmod:poss |
| 3 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Fill | obj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 water | case |
| 5 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Fill | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fill | imperative | you not said here | its gills | with water | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent gill=Patient with water=Instrument |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/26-whales/t12/