Exam question 2 · The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numb…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the colour of human blood within the veins.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, colour

This is exam question 2 of lesson 261 «The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 colour	det
11	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 blood	case
13	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 blood	amod
14	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 colour	nmod
15	within	within	ADP	_	17 veins	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 veins	det
17	veins	vein	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the colour of human blood	within the veins	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus colour=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is colourless until it reaches the heart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 colourless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colourless	cop
3	colourless	colourless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	until	until	SCONJ	_	6 reaches	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 reaches	nsubj
6	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colourless	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 heart	det
8	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					colourless property	tree rules
2	reach	present	it	the heart					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent heart=Theme

Option 2

It is blue, becoming red only upon exposure to the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 blue	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 blue	cop
3	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 becoming	punct
5	becoming	become	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 blue	advcl
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 becoming	xcomp
7	only	only	ADV	_	9 exposure	advmod
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 exposure	case
9	exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 becoming	xcomp
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 atmosphere	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 atmosphere	det
12	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 exposure	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					blue property	tree rules
2	become	gerund		exposure to the atmosphere				red property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 3

It is purple in children and red in adults

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 purple	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 purple	cop
3	purple	purple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 children	case
5	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 purple	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 red	cc
7	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 purple	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 adults	case
9	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 red	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					in children; purple property	tree rules
2	be							in adults	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is red of a darker shade, the appearance of blueness arising from the passage of light through the skin

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 red	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 red	cop
3	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 shade	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 shade	det
6	darker	dark	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 shade	amod
7	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 red	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 appearance	punct
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 appearance	det
10	appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shade	appos
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 blueness	case
12	blueness	blueness	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 appearance	nmod
13	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 appearance	acl
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 passage	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 passage	det
16	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 arising	obl
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 light	case
18	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 passage	nmod
19	through	through	ADP	_	21 skin	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 skin	det
21	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 arising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		of a darker shade; red property	tree rules
2	arise	gerund	the appearance of blueness not said here	the passage of light	through the skin	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through skin=Location
3	pass		light			nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood/e2/