Test 1 · The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts

In a cartoon, Tom swallows a bowling ball and you can see it roll down inside his neck, and he is fine at once. What really happens when you swallow food?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tom, you, ball · What happens: swallow, see, roll down, be, happen · To what, where: bowling ball, cartoon, ball, neck, food

This is test 1 of lesson 262 «The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, Tom swallows a bowling ball and you can see it roll down inside his neck, and he is fine at once.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 swallows	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 swallows	nsubj
6	swallows	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 ball	det
8	bowling	bowling	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ball	compound
9	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 swallows	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 see	cc
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 see	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 see	aux
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 swallows	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	obj
15	roll	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 see	xcomp
16	down	down	ADP	_	15 roll	compound:prt
17	inside	inside	ADP	_	19 neck	case
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 neck	nmod:poss
19	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 roll	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 fine	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 fine	cc
22	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 fine	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 fine	cop
24	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 swallows	conj
25	at	at	ADP	_	26 once	case
26	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	24 fine	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 swallows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	swallow	present	Tom	a bowling ball	a cartoon		vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient
2	see	can	you	ball			tree rules
3	roll down	infinitive	ball not said here		Tom's neck		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside neck=Trajectory
4	is	present	Tom			fine property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What really happens when you swallow food?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happens	nsubj
2	really	really	ADV	_	3 happens	advmod
3	happens	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	6 swallow	mark
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 swallow	nsubj
6	swallow	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happens	advcl
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 swallow	obj
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happens	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swallow	present	you	food					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

The options

Option 1

It sits in the throat until you jump up and down a few times to shake it down

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sits	nsubj
2	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 throat	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 throat	det
5	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sits	obl
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	8 jump	mark
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 jump	nsubj
8	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 sits	advcl
9	up	up	ADV	_	8 jump	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 down	cc
11	down	down	ADV	_	9 up	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 times	det
13	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 times	amod
14	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 jump	obl:unmarked
15	to	to	PART	_	16 shake	mark
16	shake	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 jump	advcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 shake	obj
18	down	down	ADP	_	16 shake	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	sit	present	It		the throat		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in throat=Location
2	jump up	present	you			time	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	shake down	to-infinitive	you not said here	throat			vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

It goes into the lungs first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 goes	nsubj
2	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	5 lungs	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 lungs	det
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 goes	obl
6	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	2 goes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	It			the lungs		first property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into lung=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It falls straight down like a ball in a pipe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 falls	nsubj
2	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	straight	straight	ADV	_	4 down	advmod
4	down	down	ADV	_	2 falls	advmod
5	like	like	ADP	_	7 ball	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ball	det
7	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falls	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 pipe	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pipe	det
10	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 falls	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	present	It			a pipe		like a ball; down property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in pipe=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Muscles squeeze it along a long tube in waves, from stomach to guts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 squeeze	nsubj
2	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 squeeze	obj
4	along	along	ADP	_	7 tube	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tube	det
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tube	amod
7	tube	tube	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 squeeze	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 waves	case
9	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 squeeze	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 stomach	punct
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 stomach	case
12	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 waves	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	14 guts	case
14	guts	gut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 squeeze	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	squeeze	present	Muscles	it		waves and stomach		along a long tube; to guts	vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme along tube=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/t1/