Exam question 4 · The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numb…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between the size of an animal and the rate of its heartbeat?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 4 of lesson 261 «The human body deeper: the heart and blood in amazing numbers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	13 size	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 size	det
13	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 animal	case
15	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 animal	det
16	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 size	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 rate	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 rate	det
19	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 relationship	conj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 heartbeat	case
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 heartbeat	nmod:poss
22	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 rate	nmod
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the relationship and the rate of rate's heartbeat				of the following statements; between the size of a animal; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The rate of heartbeat is determined solely by colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rate	det
2	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 determined	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 heartbeat	case
4	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rate	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 determined	aux:pass
6	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	solely	solely	ADV	_	6 determined	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 colour	case
9	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 determined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · passive	colour	the rate of heartbeat				solely property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Smaller animals generally possess faster heartbeats, and larger animals slower ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	nsubj
3	generally	generally	ADV	_	4 possess	advmod
4	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 heartbeats	amod
6	heartbeats	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ones	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ones	cc
9	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 animals	amod
10	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ones	nsubj
11	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Smaller animals	faster heartbeats				generally property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heartbeat=Theme
2	one		larger animals						tree rules

Option 3

All animals possess an identical rate of heartbeat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 animals	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possess	nsubj
3	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rate	det
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rate	amod
6	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possess	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 heartbeat	case
8	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rate	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	all animals	a identical rate of heartbeat					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot rate=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Larger animals invariably possess faster heartbeats, their hearts being larger and stronger

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 animals	amod
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	nsubj
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 possess	advmod
4	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 heartbeats	amod
6	heartbeats	heartbeat	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 possess	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 larger	punct
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 hearts	nmod:poss
9	hearts	heart	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 larger	nsubj
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 larger	cop
11	larger	large	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 possess	conj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 stronger	cc
13	stronger	strong	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 larger	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	possess	present	Larger animals	faster heartbeats	invariably property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot heartbeat=Theme
2	is	gerund	animals's hearts		large property	tree rules
3	be		animals's hearts not said here			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/261-human-body-deeper-heart-and-blood/e4/