Test 5 · The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts

What would happen if the lungs had just one big air bag instead of millions of tiny sacs?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: lungs · What happens: happen, have · To what, where: one big air bag

This is test 5 of lesson 262 «The human body deeper: lungs, stomach and guts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 had	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 lungs	det
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	nsubj
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
8	just	just	ADV	_	12 bag	advmod
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 bag	nummod
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 bag	amod
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 bag	compound
12	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	obj
13	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	15 millions	case
14	of	of	ADP	_	13 instead	fixed
15	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 sacs	case
17	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 sacs	amod
18	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 millions	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	have a condition, not said to happen	past	the lungs	one big air bag				instead millions of tiny sacs	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

You would be able to hold your breath for hours

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 able	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 able	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 able	cop
4	able	able	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 hold	mark
6	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 able	xcomp
7	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 breath	nmod:poss
8	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hold	obj
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 hours	case
10	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hold	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	You					able property	tree rules
2	hold	to-infinitive	You not said here	your breath			hour		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme

Option 2

Nothing would change

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 change	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	Nothing						vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

There would be far less surface for oxygen to pass into the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	3 be	expl
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 be	aux
3	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 less	advmod
5	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 surface	amod
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 be	nsubj
7	for	for	SCONJ	_	10 pass	mark
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pass	nsubj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 pass	mark
10	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 surface	acl
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 blood	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 blood	det
13	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	would	less surface			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	pass	to-infinitive	oxygen			the blood			vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into blood=Initial_Location

Option 4

Breathing would be much easier, with more room for air in the chest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 easier	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 easier	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 easier	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 easier	advmod
5	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 room	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 room	case
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 room	amod
9	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 easier	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 air	case
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 room	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 chest	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 chest	det
14	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 room	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	Breathing					with more room for air in the chest; easy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/262-human-body-deeper-lungs-stomach-and-guts/t5/