Test 8 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

«the scientist said she was wrong, so she's a rubbish scientist» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: scientist · What happens: say, be · To what, where: rubbish scientist · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 scientist	det
3	scientist	scientist	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	nsubj
4	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 wrong	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 wrong	cop
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 said	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 scientist	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 scientist	advmod
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 scientist	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 scientist	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 scientist	det
13	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 scientist	compound
14	scientist	scientist	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 said	ccomp
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 scientist	punct
16	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 right	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 right	cop
18	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 said	ccomp
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	past	the scientist			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is in a quote	past	scientist		wrong property	tree rules
3	is a in a quote	present	scientist	a rubbish scientist		tree rules
4	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Changing your mind with new evidence is how science gets better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 gets	csubj
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mind	nmod:poss
3	mind	mind	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 evidence	case
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 evidence	amod
6	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Changing	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 gets	cop
8	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 gets	advmod
9	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 gets	nsubj
10	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 gets	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		your mind	with new evidence	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent mind=Theme with evidence=Co-Agent
2	is	present	science		get, good property	tree rules
3	mind		your			nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Being wrong means science is useless

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 wrong	cop
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 means	csubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	science	science	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 useless	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 useless	cop
6	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 means	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	gerund		wrong property	tree rules
2	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	science	useless property	tree rules

Option 3

Good scientists are never wrong, so they never change their minds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 scientists	amod
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wrong	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	cop
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 wrong	advmod
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 change	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 change	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 change	nsubj
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	10 change	advmod
10	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 wrong	advcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 minds	nmod:poss
12	minds	mind	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 change	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not is	present	Good scientists		wrong property	tree rules
2	not change	present	scientists = scientist	scientists's minds		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient
3	mind		scientists = scientist			nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Scientists should hide their mistakes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hide	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 hide	aux
3	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 mistakes	nmod:poss
5	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hide	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	should	Scientists	Scientists's mistakes					vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient
2	mistake		Scientists = scientist						nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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