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Test 9 · How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microsco…

A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa. What does that show?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: that · What happens: ring, find, show · To what, where: bird, England, Africa

This is test 9 of lesson 264 «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A bird ringed in England is found a year later in Africa.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 found	nsubj:pass
3	ringed	ring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bird	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 England	case
5	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ringed	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 found	aux:pass
7	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 year	det
9	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 later	obl:unmarked
10	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 found	advmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Africa	case
12	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 found	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ring	participle		a bird not said here		England			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in england=Location
2	find	present · passive		a bird		Africa		late property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	that						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1

Birds are born in Africa and fly to England only once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Africa	case
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 fly	cc
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 born	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 England	case
9	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 fly	obl
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 once	advmod
11	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 fly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	present · passive		Birds		Africa			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	fly	infinitive			England			once property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to england=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The bird flew thousands of kilometres on migration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flew	nsubj
3	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flew	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 kilometres	case
6	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 thousands	nmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 migration	case
8	migration	migration	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	past	the bird	thousands of kilometres		migration			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme on migration=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Someone caught it and carried it there by plane in a box

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 caught	nsubj
2	caught	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 caught	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 carried	cc
5	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 caught	conj
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 carried	obj
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 carried	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 plane	case
9	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 box	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 box	det
12	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	past	Someone	it					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	carry	past	Someone not said here	it		a box; there		by plane	vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Value in box=Location

Option 4

The ring fell off in Britain and blew there in the wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ring	det
2	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	nsubj
3	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 fell	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Britain	case
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fell	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 blew	cc
8	blew	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fell	conj
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 blew	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 wind	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 wind	det
12	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall off	past	the ring					in Britain	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in britain=Attribute
2	blow	past	the ring not said here			the wind; there			vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/t9/