Test 1 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

«my cousin says T. rex had massive teeth for eating leaves, that's why they're so big» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: cousin, T. rex, that, leaves · What happens: say, have, eat, be · To what, where: massive teeth, leaves · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 cousin	nmod:poss
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rex	compound
6	rex	rex	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 had	nsubj
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
8	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 teeth	amod
9	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 had	obj
10	for	for	SCONJ	_	11 eating	mark
11	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 had	advcl
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 eating	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 why	punct
14	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 why	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 why	cop
16	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 had	conj
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 big	nsubj
18	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 big	cop
19	so	so	ADV	_	20 big	advmod
20	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 why	advcl:relcl
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 big	punct
22	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 right	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 right	cop
24	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 big	conj
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my cousin			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have in a quote	past	T. rex	massive teeth		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
3	eat in a quote	gerund	T. rex not said here	leaves		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
4	is in a quote	present	that		why property	tree rules
5	is in a quote	present	leaves = leaf		big property	tree rules
6	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, T. rex had no teeth, only a beak

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 had	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	nsubj
5	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 teeth	det
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 had	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 beak	punct
9	only	only	ADV	_	11 beak	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 beak	det
11	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	T. rex	no teeth				a beak obl	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 2

Yes, T. rex only ate leaves and fruit

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 ate	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ate	nsubj
5	only	only	ADV	_	6 ate	advmod
6	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 ate	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fruit	cc
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leaves	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	T. rex	leaves and fruit					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, its thick teeth were for crushing bone and meat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 crushing	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 crushing	punct
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 teeth	nmod:poss
4	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teeth	amod
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 crushing	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 crushing	aux
7	for	for	SCONJ	_	8 crushing	mark
8	crushing	crush	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crushing	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 meat	cc
11	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 bone	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crush	past · progressive	its thick teeth	bone and meat					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient

Option 4

Yes, big thick teeth are the best ones for chewing leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 ones	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teeth	amod
4	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 teeth	amod
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ones	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ones	cop
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ones	det
8	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 ones	amod
9	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
10	for	for	ADP	_	11 chewing	case
11	chewing	chew	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 ones	acl
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 chewing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	big thick teeth	the best ones					tree rules
2	chew	gerund	the best ones not said here	leaves					vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t1/