Test 2 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…
In a film a T. rex chases a jeep at top speed and nearly catches it. What is closer to the truth?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: T. rex · What happens: chase, catch, be · To what, where: jeep, film
This is test 2 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a film a T. rex chases a jeep at top speed and nearly catches it.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 film | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 film | det |
| 3 | film | film | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chases | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 rex | det |
| 5 | T. | T. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 rex | compound |
| 6 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chases | nsubj |
| 7 | chases | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 jeep | det |
| 9 | jeep | jeep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chases | obj |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 speed | case |
| 11 | top | top | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 speed | amod |
| 12 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 chases | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 catches | cc |
| 14 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 15 catches | advmod |
| 15 | catches | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 chases | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 catches | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 chases | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chase | present | a T. rex | a jeep | a film | at top speed | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent jeep=Theme in film=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | catch | present | a T. rex not said here | jeep | nearly property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is closer to the truth?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 closer | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 closer | cop |
| 3 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 truth | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 truth | det |
| 6 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 closer | obl |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 closer | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | to the truth; close property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
A T. rex could fly right over the top of the jeep
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 rex | det |
| 2 | T. | t. | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rex | compound |
| 3 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fly | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 fly | aux |
| 5 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | right | right | ADV | _ | 5 fly | advmod |
| 7 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 top | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 top | det |
| 9 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fly | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 jeep | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 jeep | det |
| 12 | jeep | jeep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 top | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | could | a T. rex | the top of the jeep | right property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over top=Location |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
A grown T. rex was too heavy to run that fast
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 rex | det |
| 2 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 rex | amod |
| 3 | T. | T. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 rex | compound |
| 4 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 heavy | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 heavy | cop |
| 6 | too | too | ADV | _ | 7 heavy | advmod |
| 7 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 run | mark |
| 9 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 heavy | csubj |
| 10 | that | that | ADV | _ | 9 run | advmod |
| 11 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 run | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | is | past | a grown T. rex | heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | run | to-infinitive | fast, that property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3
A T. rex could only crawl on its belly
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 rex | det |
| 2 | T. | t. | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rex | compound |
| 3 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 crawl | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 crawl | aux |
| 5 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 crawl | advmod |
| 6 | crawl | crawl | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 belly | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 belly | nmod:poss |
| 9 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 crawl | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crawl | could | a T. rex | rex's belly | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on belly=Trajectory |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
A T. rex could run much faster than any car
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 rex | det |
| 2 | T. | t. | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 rex | compound |
| 3 | rex | rex | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 run | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 run | aux |
| 5 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | much | much | ADV | _ | 7 faster | advmod |
| 7 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 5 run | advmod |
| 8 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 car | case |
| 9 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 10 car | det |
| 10 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 faster | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | could | a T. rex | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t2/