Test 6 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

«lol T. rex with them tiny useless arms, couldn't even scratch its nose» What is true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: T. rex · What happens: not scratch, be · To what, where: nose · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 rex	punct
2	lol	lol	INTJ	_	4 rex	discourse
3	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rex	compound
4	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 scratch	nsubj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 them	case
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rex	nmod
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 arms	amod
8	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 arms	amod
9	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 them	appos
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 rex	punct
11	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 scratch	aux
12	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 scratch	advmod
13	even	even	ADV	_	14 scratch	advmod
14	scratch	scratch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 nose	nmod:poss
16	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 scratch	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 scratch	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 true	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 true	cop
20	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 scratch	parataxis
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	14 scratch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not scratch in a quote	could	T. rex with them	rex's nose					tree rules
2	is	present						true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Its arms fell off as it grew up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arms	nmod:poss
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fell	nsubj
3	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 fell	compound:prt
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 grew	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 grew	nsubj
7	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 fell	advcl
8	up	up	ADP	_	7 grew	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall off	past	Its arms						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	grow up	past	it						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Its arms were longer than its legs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arms	nmod:poss
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 longer	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 longer	cop
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 legs	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 legs	nmod:poss
7	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 longer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Its arms					than its legs; long property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its arms were short but strong, and scientists still argue what they were for

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arms	nmod:poss
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 short	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 short	cop
4	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 strong	cc
6	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 short	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 argue	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 argue	cc
9	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 argue	nsubj
10	still	still	ADV	_	11 argue	advmod
11	argue	argue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 short	parataxis
12	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 short	parataxis
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 for	nsubj
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 for	cop
15	for	for	ADP	_	12 what	case

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Its arms		short property	tree rules
2	be		Its arms not said here			tree rules
3	argue speech: disagree	present	scientists	still		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Its arms were useless, very weak and could not even lift a feather

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 arms	nmod:poss
2	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 useless	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 useless	cop
4	useless	useless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 weak	punct
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 weak	advmod
7	weak	weak	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 useless	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 lift	cc
9	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 lift	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 lift	advmod
11	even	even	ADV	_	12 lift	advmod
12	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 useless	conj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 feather	det
14	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 lift	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	Its arms		useless property	tree rules
2	be		Its arms not said here			tree rules
3	not lift	could	Its arms not said here	a feather		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t6/