Test 7 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

Why is fossil dung so useful to scientists?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: be · To what, where: fossil dung

This is test 7 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 dung	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dung	cop
3	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dung	compound
4	dung	dung	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 useful	nsubj
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 useful	advmod
6	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 scientists	case
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 useful	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 useful	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		fossil dung					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It shows what the animal really ate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	7 ate	obj
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 animal	det
5	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ate	nsubj
6	really	really	ADV	_	7 ate	advmod
7	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 shows	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	eat	past	the animal						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient

Option 2

It shows how fast the animal ran

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 fast	advmod
4	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 shows	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ran	nsubj
7	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 fast	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It					fast property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	run	past	the animal						vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It shows what colour the animal was

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	4 colour	det
4	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shows	obj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 colour	appos
7	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 shows	cop

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					show property	tree rules

Option 4

It shows how loud the animal roared

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 loud	advmod
4	loud	loud	ADV	_	2 shows	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 roared	nsubj
7	roared	roar	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 loud	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	It					loud property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	roar	past	the animal						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t7/