Test 9 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

Why is a nearly whole skeleton like Sue such a treasure?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: whole skeleton · What happens: be

This is test 9 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 skeleton	det
4	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	5 whole	advmod
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 skeleton	amod
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 Sue	case
8	Sue	Sue	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 skeleton	nmod
9	such	such	DET	PronType=Ind	11 treasure	det:predet
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 treasure	det
11	treasure	treasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 skeleton	nmod
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a whole skeleton like Sue such treasure					why property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is the only T. rex that has ever been found anywhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 rex	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rex	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rex	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rex	amod
5	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 rex	compound
6	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 found	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 found	aux
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	11 found	advmod
10	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 found	aux:pass
11	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 rex	acl:relcl
12	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	PronType=Ind	11 found	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the only T. rex					tree rules
2	find	present · perfect · passive		the only T. rex			ever	anywhere property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 2

It was found alive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 found	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	aux:pass
3	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 found	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · passive		It				alive property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

It still had all its skin and its eyes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 had	nsubj
2	still	still	ADV	_	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 skin	det:predet
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 skin	nmod:poss
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 eyes	cc
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 eyes	nmod:poss
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 skin	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	It	its skin and its eyes			still		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Most dinosaurs are known only from a few bones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 dinosaurs	amod
2	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 known	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 known	aux:pass
4	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	9 bones	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	9 bones	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bones	det
8	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bones	amod
9	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 known	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · passive		Most dinosaurs		a few bones			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t9/