Test 10 · Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dun…

«so did T. rex have feathers or not, just tell me» What is the honest answer?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: T. rex, you · What happens: do, have, tell, be · To what, where: feathers, me, honest answer · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 of lesson 265 «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 did	punct
2	so	so	ADV	_	3 did	advmod
3	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 tell	ccomp
4	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 rex	compound
5	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 have	nsubj
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 did	ccomp
7	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 not	cc
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 feathers	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tell	punct
11	just	just	ADV	_	12 tell	advmod
12	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 tell	iobj
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	12 tell	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	19 answer	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 answer	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 answer	det
18	honest	honest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 answer	amod
19	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tell	parataxis
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	do in a quote	past				tree rules
2	have in a quote	present	T. rex	feathers		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
3	tell speech: assert in a quote	imperative	you not said here		me	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic
4	be speech: assert	present		the honest answer		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It had smooth skin with no scales at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	smooth	smooth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 skin	amod
4	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 scales	case
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 scales	det
7	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	It	smooth skin		all		with no scales	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Skin prints show scales on parts of grown ones, though babies may have been fluffy

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prints	compound
2	prints	print	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	nsubj
3	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 parts	case
6	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 ones	case
8	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 ones	amod
9	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 parts	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 fluffy	punct
11	though	though	SCONJ	_	16 fluffy	mark
12	babies	baby	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 fluffy	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 fluffy	aux
14	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 fluffy	aux
15	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 fluffy	cop
16	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 show	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	show	present	Skin prints	scales	parts of grown ones		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent scale=Recipient
2	grow	participle					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	may · perfect	babies			fluffy property	tree rules

Option 3

It had thick fur like a woolly mammoth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 fur	amod
4	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	8 mammoth	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 mammoth	det
7	woolly	woolly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 mammoth	amod
8	mammoth	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	It	thick fur				like a woolly mammoth	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient

Option 4

It was covered all over in long colourful feathers, like a giant parrot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 covered	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 covered	aux:pass
3	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	all	all	ADV	_	5 over	advmod
5	over	over	ADV	_	3 covered	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 feathers	case
7	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 feathers	amod
8	colourful	colourful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 feathers	amod
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 covered	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 parrot	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	14 parrot	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 parrot	det
13	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 parrot	amod
14	parrot	parrot	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 covered	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	past · passive		It				in long colourful feathers; over property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in feather=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/t10/