Test 7 · Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus,…
Scientists find nests with babies of different sizes still in them. What does that suggest?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Scientists, that · What happens: find, suggest · To what, where: nests
This is test 7 of lesson 267 «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Scientists find nests with babies of different sizes still in them.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | nsubj |
| 2 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | obj |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 babies | case |
| 5 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 sizes | case |
| 7 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 sizes | amod |
| 8 | sizes | size | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 babies | nmod |
| 9 | still | still | ADV | _ | 2 find | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 find | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 find | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Scientists | nests | still | with babies of different sizes; in sizes = size | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does that suggest?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 suggest | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 suggest | aux |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 suggest | nsubj |
| 4 | suggest | suggest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 suggest | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suggest speech: suggest | present · do-support | that | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
The options
Option 1
The babies never grew at all after they hatched
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 babies | det |
| 2 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 grew | nsubj |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 4 grew | advmod |
| 4 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 all | fixed |
| 6 | all | all | ADV | PronType=Tot | 4 grew | advmod |
| 7 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 9 hatched | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 hatched | nsubj |
| 9 | hatched | hatch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 grew | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not grow | past | the babies | all property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hatch | past | babies = baby | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
The parents cared for the babies after hatching
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 parents | det |
| 2 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 cared | nsubj |
| 3 | cared | care | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 babies | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 babies | det |
| 6 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 cared | obl |
| 7 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 8 hatching | mark |
| 8 | hatching | hatch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 cared | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | care | past | the parents | for the babies | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for baby=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hatch | gerund | the parents not said here | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
Option 3
The babies had been stolen from other dinosaurs' nests
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 babies | det |
| 2 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 stolen | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 stolen | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 stolen | aux:pass |
| 5 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 nests | case |
| 7 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dinosaurs | amod |
| 8 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 nests | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 8 dinosaurs | case |
| 10 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 stolen | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | steal | past · perfect · passive | the babies | other dinosaurs's nests | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from nest=Source |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
The nests were really made by small furry mammals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 nests | det |
| 2 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | aux:pass |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 made | advmod |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 mammals | case |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 mammals | amod |
| 8 | furry | furry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 mammals | amod |
| 9 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · passive | small furry mammals | the nests | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/t7/