Test 4 · ★★ · Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film m…

What would happen if scientists found a raptor arm bone with no quill knobs?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: scientists · What happens: happen, find · To what, where: raptor arm bone

This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 268 «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 found	mark
5	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 found	nsubj
6	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 bone	det
8	raptor	raptor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bone	compound
9	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bone	compound
10	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 found	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 knobs	case
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 knobs	det
13	quill	quill	NOUN	_	14 knobs	compound
14	knobs	knob	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 bone	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	find a condition, not said to happen	past	scientists	a raptor arm bone				with no quill knobs	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It would not mean no feathers, since small feathers leave no knobs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mean	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 mean	advmod
4	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 feathers	det
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 mean	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 leave	punct
8	since	since	SCONJ	_	11 leave	mark
9	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 feathers	amod
10	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 leave	nsubj
11	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mean	parataxis
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 knobs	det
13	knobs	knob	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 leave	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not mean	would	It	no feathers					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Topic
2	leave	present	small feathers	no knobs					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knob=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It would prove that raptors could fly, since knobs slow birds down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prove	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 prove	aux
3	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 fly	mark
5	raptors	raptor	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	nsubj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 prove	ccomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 knobs	punct
9	since	since	ADP	_	10 knobs	case
10	knobs	knob	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prove	parataxis
11	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 birds	amod
12	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 knobs	conj
13	down	down	ADV	_	3 prove	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	would	It					down property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	fly	could	raptors						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It would prove at once that no raptor ever had any feathers at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prove	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 prove	aux
3	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 once	case
5	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 prove	obl
6	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 had	mark
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 raptor	det
8	raptor	raptor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 had	nsubj
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	10 had	advmod
10	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 prove	ccomp
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 feathers	det
12	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 had	obj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 all	case
14	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	10 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	would	It						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	have	past	no raptor	any feathers		all	ever		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient

Option 4

It would prove that the bone had really come from a fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prove	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 prove	aux
3	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 come	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bone	det
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 come	nsubj
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 come	aux
8	really	really	ADV	_	9 come	advmod
9	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	3 prove	ccomp
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 fish	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 fish	det
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	would	It						vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	come	past · perfect	the bone					from a fish	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from fish=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/t4/