Test 10 · ★ · Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on…

«penguins have teeth, I saw 'em in a picture» What is true about birds and teeth?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: penguins, I, picture · What happens: have, see, be · To what, where: teeth, 'em, picture · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 269 «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 saw	ccomp
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct
6	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 saw	nsubj
7	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	'em	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 saw	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 picture	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 picture	det
11	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 saw	obl
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 picture	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 true	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 true	cop
15	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 picture	acl:relcl
16	about	about	ADP	_	17 birds	case
17	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 true	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 teeth	cc
19	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 birds	conj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 saw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have in a quote	present	penguins	teeth			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	see in a quote	past	I	'em = they	a picture		tree rules
3	is	present	a picture			about birds and teeth; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Birds never had teeth at any time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 time	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 time	det
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not have	past	Birds	teeth			time		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

All birds have teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	all birds	teeth					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 3

Only parrots have teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	2 parrots	advmod
2	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	parrots	teeth					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

No living bird has real teeth, but some early birds did

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	3 bird	det
2	living	living	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bird	amod
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 has	nsubj
4	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 teeth	amod
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 has	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 did	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 did	cc
9	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	11 birds	det
10	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 birds	amod
11	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 did	nsubj
12	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 has	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	no living bird	real teeth					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient
2	do	past	some early birds						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/t10/