Test 7 · ★ · Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on…

Why did Archaeopteryx in 1861 matter to Darwin's idea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: do · To what, where: Archaeopteryx, 1861 matter

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 269 «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 did	advmod
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Archaeopteryx	Archaeopteryx	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 did	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 matter	case
5	1861	1861	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 matter	nummod
6	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	10 idea	case
8	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 idea	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Darwin	case
10	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 did	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		Archaeopteryx		1861 matter		to Darwin's idea	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent archaeopteryx=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was the very first fossil anybody had ever found

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 anybody	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 anybody	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 anybody	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 first	advmod
5	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	7 anybody	amod
6	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 anybody	compound
7	anybody	anybody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	root	root
8	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 found	aux
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	10 found	advmod
10	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 anybody	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	anybody					tree rules
2	find	past · perfect					ever		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It was an in-between form, part bird, part dinosaur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 form	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 form	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 form	det
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 form	case
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 in	punct
6	between	between	ADP	_	7 form	case
7	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 bird	punct
9	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 bird	compound
10	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 dinosaur	punct
12	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dinosaur	compound
13	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 form	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It			a form and part bird and part dinosaur			tree rules

Option 3

It proved that birds had come from fish, not reptiles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 proved	nsubj
2	proved	prove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 come	mark
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 come	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 come	aux
6	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 proved	ccomp
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 fish	case
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 come	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 reptiles	punct
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 reptiles	advmod
11	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 proved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	past	It	reptiles					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	come	past · perfect	birds					from fish	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from fish=Initial_Location

Option 4

It showed that animals never change over time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 showed	nsubj
2	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 change	mark
4	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 change	nsubj
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 change	advmod
6	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 showed	ccomp
7	over	over	ADP	_	8 time	case
8	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	past	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not change	present	animals				time		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/t7/