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Test 8 · ★ · Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on…

A scientist finds a tail in amber with feathers on it. Why is amber so good at keeping it?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: scientist, amber · What happens: find, be, keep · To what, where: tail, amber

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 269 «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A scientist finds a tail in amber with feathers on it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 scientist	det
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 finds	nsubj
3	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tail	det
5	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 finds	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 amber	case
7	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 finds	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 feathers	case
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 finds	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 it	case
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 feathers	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 finds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	a scientist	a tail		amber		with feathers on amber	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is amber so good at keeping it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 good	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 good	cop
3	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 good	nsubj
4	so	so	ADV	_	5 good	advmod
5	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	at	at	SCONJ	_	7 keeping	mark
7	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 good	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 keeping	obj
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	amber					good property	tree rules
2	keep	gerund	amber not said here	amber					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

The options

Option 1

Amber is a kind of ice that never melts at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 ice	case
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 melts	nsubj
8	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 melts	advmod
9	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	acl:relcl
10	at	at	ADP	_	11 all	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 melts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Amber	a kind				of ice	tree rules
2	not melt	present	a kind			all			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Resin trapped it and hardened, keeping it in 3D

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Resin	resin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Resin	acl
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 trapped	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 hardened	cc
5	hardened	harden	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 trapped	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 keeping	punct
7	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 trapped	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 keeping	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 3D	case
10	3D	3d	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keeping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	participle	Resin not said here	Resin					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
2	harden	participle	Resin not said here						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	keep	gerund	Resin not said here	Resin		3D			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in 3d=Location

Option 3

Amber is a kind of bone that grows round things

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 kind	det
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 bone	case
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kind	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 grows	nsubj
8	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 kind	acl:relcl
9	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 things	amod
10	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 grows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Amber	a kind				of bone	tree rules
2	grow	present	a kind	round things					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thing=Theme

Option 4

Amber cooks things hard, like clay in an oven

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooks	nsubj
2	cooks	cook	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cooks	obj
4	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 cooks	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 clay	punct
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 clay	case
7	clay	clay	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooks	conj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 oven	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 oven	det
10	oven	oven	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 clay	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cook	present	Amber	things				hard property	vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument thing=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/t8/