Exam question 1 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

Identify the classification of the pterosaurs as presently accepted.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, accept, classify · To what, where: classification, pterosaurs

This is exam question 1 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 classification	det
3	classification	classification	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 pterosaurs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 pterosaurs	det
6	pterosaurs	pterosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 classification	nmod
7	as	as	ADV	_	9 accepted	advmod
8	presently	presently	ADV	_	9 accepted	advmod
9	accepted	accept	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the classification of the pterosaurs		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent classification=Theme
2	accept	participle	you not said here		presently property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	classify			the pterosaurs		nom classification «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Dinosaurs adapted to flight, and the direct ancestors of all birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	adapted	adapt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Dinosaurs	acl
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 flight	case
4	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 adapted	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ancestors	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 ancestors	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ancestors	det
8	direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ancestors	amod
9	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Dinosaurs	appos
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 birds	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 birds	det
12	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ancestors	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adapt	participle		Dinosaurs not said here				to flight goal	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to flight=Goal

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Flying reptiles closely related to, but distinct from, the dinosaurs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 reptiles	amod
2	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	closely	closely	ADV	_	4 related	advmod
4	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reptiles	amod
5	to	to	ADP	_	4 related	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 distinct	punct
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 distinct	cc
8	distinct	distinct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 reptiles	conj
9	from	from	ADP	_	8 distinct	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 dinosaurs	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 dinosaurs	det
12	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 reptiles	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Early mammals resembling bats, with wings of skin and fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 mammals	amod
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	resembling	resemble	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 bats	amod
4	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 mammals	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 wings	punct
6	with	with	ADP	_	7 wings	case
7	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 mammals	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 skin	case
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 wings	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fur	cc
11	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mammals	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resemble	gerund							tree rules

Option 4

Primitive birds possessing feathers, teeth and clawed wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Primitive	primitive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 birds	amod
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 clawed	nsubj
3	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 feathers	amod
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 birds	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 teeth	punct
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 birds	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	2 birds	cc
8	clawed	claw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 clawed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	gerund							vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot
2	claw	past	Primitive birds and possessing feathers and teeth	wings					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/e1/