Test 11 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

Why could a giant Quetzalcoatlus catch prey on land?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: giant Quetzalcoatlus · What happens: catch · To what, where: prey, land

This is test 11 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 catch	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 catch	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 Quetzalcoatlus	det
4	giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 Quetzalcoatlus	amod
5	Quetzalcoatlus	Quetzalcoatlus	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 catch	nsubj
6	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 catch	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 land	case
9	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 catch	obl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 catch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	could	a giant Quetzalcoatlus	prey		land			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It swam underground through soft mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swam	nsubj
2	swam	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	underground	underground	ADV	_	2 swam	advmod
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 mud	case
5	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mud	amod
6	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swam	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim	past	It			soft mud		underground property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through mud=Trajectory

Option 2

It hid in caves and leapt out at prey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hid	nsubj
2	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 caves	case
4	caves	cave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hid	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 leapt	cc
6	leapt	leapt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 hid	conj
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 leapt	compound:prt
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 prey	case
9	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 leapt	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hide	past	It			caves			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cave=Location
2	leapt out	infinitive				prey			tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It strode on all fours like a huge stork

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 strode	nsubj
2	strode	stride	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 fours	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 fours	det
5	fours	four	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 strode	obl
6	like	like	ADP	_	9 stork	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 stork	det
8	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 stork	amod
9	stork	stork	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strode	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stride	past	It			all fours		like a huge stork	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on four=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It dug long tunnels to trap its prey

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 dug	nsubj
2	dug	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tunnels	amod
4	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dug	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 trap	mark
6	trap	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 dug	advcl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 prey	nmod:poss
8	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trap	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	past	It	long tunnels					vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme
2	trap	to-infinitive		its prey					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/t11/