Test 9 · Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs a…

«mammoths and T. rex, who would win» What is wrong with the question?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mammoths · What happens: win, be

This is test 9 of lesson 270 «Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs and Mary Anning» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 mammoths	punct
2	mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 rex	cc
4	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 rex	compound
5	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mammoths	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 win	punct
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 win	nsubj
8	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 win	aux
9	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 mammoths	parataxis
10	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 win	punct
11	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 wrong	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 wrong	cop
13	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 win	ccomp
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 question	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 question	det
16	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 wrong	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 mammoths	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win in a quote	would	mammoths and T. rex						vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present						with the question; wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Mammoths were dinosaurs too, so it was a fair fight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dinosaurs	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 dinosaurs	cop
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	3 dinosaurs	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 fight	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	11 fight	advmod
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fight	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 fight	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 fight	det
10	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 fight	amod
11	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dinosaurs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Mammoths	dinosaurs and a fair fight					tree rules
2	is a	past	it	a fair fight					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They never met; mammoths lived 66 million years later

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 met	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 met	advmod
3	met	meet	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 lived	punct
5	mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lived	nsubj
6	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 met	conj
7	66	66	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 million	compound
8	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 later	obl:unmarked
10	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 lived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not meet	past	They						vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	live	past	mammoths					late property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Nothing, they lived side by side and often fought over food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 lived	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lived	nsubj
4	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lived	obj
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 side	case
7	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lived	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fought	cc
9	often	often	ADV	_	10 fought	advmod
10	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 lived	conj
11	over	over	ADP	_	12 food	case
12	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fought	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	Nothing	side				by side	vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme side=Location
2	fight	past	Nothing not said here					over food; often property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent over food=Theme

Option 4

T. rex was a mammal, so they were close cousins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 rex	compound
2	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mammal	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 mammal	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 mammal	det
5	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cousins	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	11 cousins	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 cousins	nsubj
9	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 cousins	cop
10	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cousins	amod
11	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 mammal	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	T. rex	a mammal and close cousins					tree rules
2	is a	past	mammal	close cousins					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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