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Test 6 · ★ · Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present

In a cartoon a megalodon chases a submarine through the shallows. Which real fact fits the shallows?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: megalodon, real fact · What happens: chase, fit · To what, where: submarine, cartoon, shallows

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 273 «Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a megalodon chases a submarine through the shallows.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chases	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 megalodon	det
5	megalodon	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chases	nsubj
6	chases	chase	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 submarine	det
8	submarine	submarine	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chases	obj
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 shallows	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 shallows	det
11	shallows	shallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 chases	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 chases	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chase	present	a megalodon	a submarine		a cartoon		through the shallows	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent submarine=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which real fact fits the shallows?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 fits	obj
2	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fact	amod
3	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 fits	nsubj
4	fits	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 shallows	det
6	shallows	shallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 fits	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fits	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fit	present	real fact	the shallows					vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent which=Theme shallow=Destination

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Megalodons were born on land and then crawled to sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Megalodons	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 born	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 born	aux:pass
3	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 land	case
5	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 born	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 crawled	cc
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 crawled	advmod
8	crawled	crawl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 born	conj
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 sea	case
10	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crawled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bear	past · passive		Megalodons		land			vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	crawl	past				sea	then		vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to sea=Destination

Option 2

Megalodons never went near shallow water in their lives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Megalodons	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 went	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 went	advmod
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	6 water	case
5	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 lives	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 lives	nmod:poss
9	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 went	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not go	past	Megalodons			shallow water		in Megalodons's lives	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near water=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Young megalodons grew up in warm, shallow nurseries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 megalodons	amod
2	megalodons	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grew	nsubj
3	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 grew	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	9 nurseries	case
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 nurseries	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 warm	punct
8	shallow	shallow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 nurseries	amod
9	nurseries	nursery	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow up	past	Young megalodons			warm shallow nurseries			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nursery=Location

Option 4

Submarines are what megalodons ate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Submarines	submarine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 what	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 what	cop
3	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
4	megalodons	megalodon	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 ate	nsubj
5	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 what	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Submarines						tree rules
2	eat	past	megalodons						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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