Test 5 · Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig…

«found a massive bone sticking out of the cliff, gonna dig it out with dad's hammer» What is best?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: massive bone · What happens: find, stick out, dig out, be · To what, where: cliff · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 275 «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bone	det
4	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bone	amod
5	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dig	nsubj
6	sticking	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 bone	acl
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 cliff	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 cliff	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cliff	det
10	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sticking	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 dig	punct
12	gonna	gonna	X	Foreign=Yes	13 dig	dep
13	dig	dig	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 found	ccomp
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 dig	obj
15	out	out	ADP	_	13 dig	compound:prt
16	with	with	ADP	_	19 hammer	case
17	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 hammer	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 dad	case
19	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 dig	obl
20	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct
21	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	23 best	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 best	cop
23	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 found	ccomp
24	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	find in a quote	past				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	stick out in a quote	gerund	a massive bone not said here	the cliff		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cliff=Theme
3	dig out in a quote	infinitive	a massive bone	cliff	with dad's hammer	vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent it=Theme with hammer=Instrument
4	is	present			good property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Leave it, keep away from the cliff and tell a museum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Leave	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 keep	punct
4	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Leave	conj
5	away	away	ADV	_	4 keep	advmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 cliff	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cliff	det
8	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 keep	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 tell	cc
10	tell	tell	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Leave	conj
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 museum	det
12	museum	museum	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tell	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	leave	imperative	you not said here	it			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	keep away	infinitive	you not said here		the cliff	away property	vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from cliff=Eventuality
3	tell speech: assert	infinitive	you not said here	a museum			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent museum=Recipient

Option 2

Dig fast before the tide comes in and washes it away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Dig	advmod
3	before	before	SCONJ	_	6 comes	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 tide	det
5	tide	tide	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 comes	nsubj
6	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Dig	advcl
7	in	in	ADV	_	6 comes	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 washes	cc
9	washes	wash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 comes	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 washes	obj
11	away	away	ADV	_	9 washes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	dig	imperative	you not said here		fast property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	come in	present	the tide			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	wash away	present	the tide not said here	tide	away property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3

Hit it hard so it breaks out in one go

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Hit	obj
3	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Hit	advmod
4	so	so	ADV	_	6 breaks	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 breaks	nsubj
6	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Hit	advcl
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 breaks	compound:prt
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 go	case
9	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 go	nummod
10	go	go	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breaks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hit	imperative	you not said here	it				hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme
2	break out	present	it			one go			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in go=Location

Option 4

Take only the end that sticks out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	only	only	ADV	_	4 end	advmod
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 end	det
4	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Take	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 sticks	nsubj
6	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 end	acl:relcl
7	out	out	ADP	_	6 sticks	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	imperative	you not said here	the end					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Theme
2	stick out	present	the end						vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/t5/