Test 2 · ★ · How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the lon…

«my uncle says they carbon dated a T. rex, that's how they know it's 66 million» What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: uncle, they, that, carbon · What happens: say, date, be, know · To what, where: T. rex, 66 million · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 276 «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 uncle	nmod:poss
3	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 dated	nsubj
6	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dated	nsubj
7	dated	date	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 rex	det
9	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 rex	compound
10	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dated	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 how	punct
12	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	14 how	nsubj
13	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 how	cop
14	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	16 know	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 know	nsubj
16	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 million	nsubj
18	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 million	cop
19	66	66	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 million	compound
20	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 know	ccomp
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 know	punct
22	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	24 right	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 right	cop
24	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 know	ccomp
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert in a quote	present	my uncle			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	date in a quote	past	they	a T. rex		vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rex=Co-Agent
3	is in a quote	present	that		how property	tree rules
4	know in a quote	present	they			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	is a in a quote	present	carbon	66 million		tree rules
6	is	present			right property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, carbon dating works for anything, however old it is, so it works on T. rex bones

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 dating	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dating	compound
4	dating	dating	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 works	nsubj
5	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 anything	case
7	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 works	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 old	punct
9	however	however	ADV	_	10 old	advmod
10	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 works	parataxis
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 old	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 old	cop
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 works	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	16 works	advmod
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 works	nsubj
16	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 works	parataxis
17	on	on	ADP	_	20 bones	case
18	T.	T.	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 bones	compound
19	rex	rex	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bones	compound
20	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 works	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	work	present	carbon dating	for anything	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for anything=Beneficiary
2	is	present	dating	however, old property	tree rules
3	work	present	dating	on T. rex bones	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on bone=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, carbon dating reaches only about 50,000 years; dinosaurs are dated by other rock clocks

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 reaches	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dating	compound
4	dating	dating	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reaches	nsubj
5	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 50,000	advmod
7	about	about	ADV	_	8 50,000	advmod
8	50,000	50000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reaches	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 dated	punct
11	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dated	nsubj:pass
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 dated	aux:pass
13	dated	date	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 reaches	conj
14	by	by	ADP	_	17 clocks	case
15	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 clocks	amod
16	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 clocks	compound
17	clocks	clock	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 dated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reach	present	carbon dating				year		vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	date	present · passive		dinosaurs				by other rock clocks	vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent

Option 3

No, dinosaurs can't be dated at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	3 dinosaurs	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 dated	nsubj:pass
4	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 dated	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 dated	advmod
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 dated	aux:pass
7	dated	date	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 dated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not date	can · passive		dinosaurs		all			vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent

Option 4

Yes, but only for teeth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 teeth	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 teeth	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 teeth	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 teeth	case
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/t2/