Test 1 · ★ · How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the lon…

In Jurassic Park, scientists take dinosaur blood from a mosquito in amber and make new dinosaurs. Why can't this really happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: scientists, this · What happens: take, make, not happen · To what, where: dinosaur blood, Jurassic, new dinosaurs

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 276 «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Jurassic Park, scientists take dinosaur blood from a mosquito in amber and make new dinosaurs.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Jurassic	case
2	Jurassic	Jurassic	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 take	obl
3	Park	Park	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Jurassic	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Jurassic	punct
5	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	nsubj
6	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blood	compound
8	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 mosquito	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 mosquito	det
11	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 amber	case
13	amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 mosquito	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 make	cc
15	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 take	conj
16	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 dinosaurs	amod
17	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 make	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 take	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	scientists	dinosaur blood		Jurassic		from a mosquito in amber	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent blood=Theme from mosquito=Initial_Location
2	make	present	scientists not said here	new dinosaurs					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dinosaur=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why can't this really happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 happen	advmod
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 happen	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 happen	advmod
4	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 happen	nsubj
5	really	really	ADV	_	6 happen	advmod
6	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not happen	can	this						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Mosquitoes did not bite dinosaurs, because dinosaur skin was far too thick for them

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bite	nsubj
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 bite	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 bite	advmod
4	bite	bite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bite	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 thick	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 thick	mark
8	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skin	compound
9	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 thick	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 thick	cop
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 thick	advmod
12	too	too	ADV	_	13 thick	advmod
13	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bite	conj
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 them	case
15	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 thick	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not bite	past · do-support	Mosquitoes	dinosaurs					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Patient
2	is	past	dinosaur skin					for Mosquitoes = mosquito; far, thick property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

DNA breaks down long before 66 million years, and no dinosaur DNA has been found

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 breaks	nsubj
2	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	down	down	ADP	_	2 breaks	compound:prt
4	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 breaks	advmod
5	before	before	ADP	_	8 years	case
6	66	66	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 million	compound
7	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 years	nummod
8	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 breaks	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 found	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 found	cc
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 DNA	det
12	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 DNA	compound
13	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 found	nsubj:pass
14	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 found	aux
15	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	16 found	aux:pass
16	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 breaks	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break down	present	DNA				year	long property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	find	present · perfect · passive		no dinosaur DNA					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

Amber is too hard to cut

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hard	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hard	cop
3	too	too	ADV	_	4 hard	advmod
4	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 cut	mark
6	cut	cut	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hard	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Amber					hard property	tree rules
2	cut	to-infinitive	Amber not said here						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Dinosaurs had no blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 blood	det
4	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Dinosaurs	no blood					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/t1/