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Test 10 · ★★ · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

A dry year leaves only big, hard seeds on an island. What would happen to the next generation of finches?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dry year · What happens: leave, happen · To what, where: big hard seeds, island

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A dry year leaves only big, hard seeds on an island.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 year	det
2	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 year	amod
3	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaves	nsubj
4	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	9 seeds	advmod
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 seeds	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 big	punct
8	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 seeds	amod
9	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 leaves	obl
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 island	case
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 island	det
12	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 leaves	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 leaves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	a dry year	big hard seeds		a island			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on island=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would happen to the next generation of finches?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 generation	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 generation	det
6	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 generation	amod
7	generation	generation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 finches	case
9	finches	finch	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 generation	nmod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would					to the next generation of finches		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

They would grow teeth to crack the seeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 crack	mark
6	crack	crack	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 grow	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 seeds	det
8	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 crack	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	They	teeth					tree rules
2	crack	to-infinitive	They not said here	the seeds					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They would tend to have smaller beaks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tend	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 tend	aux
3	tend	tend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 have	mark
5	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 tend	xcomp
6	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 beaks	amod
7	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tend	would	They						tree rules
2	have	to-infinitive	They not said here	smaller beaks					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient

Option 3

They would all stop eating seeds at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 stop	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 stop	aux
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 stop	advmod
4	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 seeds	amod
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stop	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 once	case
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 stop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	would	They	eating seeds				all property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality seed=Eventuality
2	eat	gerund							vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They would tend to have bigger beaks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tend	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 tend	aux
3	tend	tend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 have	mark
5	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 tend	xcomp
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 beaks	amod
7	beaks	beak	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tend	would	They						tree rules
2	have	to-infinitive	They not said here	bigger beaks					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/t10/