Test 11 · ★★ · Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and…

«my mate's lactose intolerant, means he's ill» What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lactose intolerant, intolerant · What happens: mean, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 279 «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 intolerant	punct
2	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 mate	nmod:poss
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lactose	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 mate	case
5	lactose	lactose	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 intolerant	compound
6	intolerant	intolerant	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 means	nsubj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 intolerant	punct
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 ill	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 ill	cop
11	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 means	ccomp
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 ill	punct
13	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 closer	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 closer	cop
15	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 means	parataxis
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 truth	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 truth	det
18	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 closer	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	mean in a quote	present	lactose intolerant		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is in a quote	present	intolerant	ill property	tree rules
3	is	present		to the truth; close property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It means he drank too much milk as a baby

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 drank	nsubj
4	drank	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 means	ccomp
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 much	advmod
6	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 milk	amod
7	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drank	obj
8	as	as	ADP	_	10 baby	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 baby	det
10	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drank	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	drink	past	he	much milk				as a baby	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Most mammals stop digesting milk after babyhood, so this is normal for many people

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 mammals	amod
2	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stop	nsubj
3	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	digesting	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp
5	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 digesting	obj
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 babyhood	case
7	babyhood	babyhood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 digesting	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 normal	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 normal	advmod
10	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 normal	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 normal	cop
12	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stop	conj
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 people	case
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 people	amod
15	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 normal	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Most mammals				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	digest	gerund	Most mammals not said here	milk	after babyhood		tree rules
3	is	present	this			for many people; normal property	tree rules

Option 3

It means he is allergic to cows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 allergic	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 allergic	cop
5	allergic	allergic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 means	ccomp
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 cows	case
7	cows	cow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 allergic	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	he					to cows; allergic property	tree rules

Option 4

It means he has caught a dangerous germ from milk and needs to stay in bed till he is better

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 caught	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caught	aux
5	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 means	ccomp
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 germ	det
7	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 germ	amod
8	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caught	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 milk	case
10	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 germ	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 needs	cc
12	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	conj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 stay	mark
14	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 needs	xcomp
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 bed	case
16	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 stay	obl
17	till	till	SCONJ	_	20 better	mark
18	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 better	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 better	cop
20	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 stay	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	catch	present · perfect · passive		he			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary germ=Theme
3	need	present					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
4	stay not said to happen	to-infinitive			bed		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bed=Location
5	is	present	he			good property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/t11/