Test 2 · ★★★ · Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and miss…

In a cartoon, a big strong lion is always the winner because it is «the fittest». What does «fittest» really mean?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: big strong lion, lion · What happens: be, fittest, mean · To what, where: winner, cartoon

This is test 2 · ★★★ of lesson 280 «Evolution myths put right: monkeys, the strongest and missing links» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a big strong lion is always the winner because it is «the fittest».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 winner	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 lion	det
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lion	amod
7	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lion	amod
8	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 winner	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 winner	cop
10	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 winner	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 winner	det
12	winner	winner	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	because	because	SCONJ	_	18 fittest	mark
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 fittest	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 fittest	cop
16	«	«	PUNCT	_	18 fittest	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 fittest	det
18	fittest	fit	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 winner	nmod
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	18 fittest	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 winner	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a big strong lion	the winner		a cartoon		always property	tree rules
2	is in a quote	present	lion					fit property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does «fittest» really mean?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 fittest	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fittest	aux
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 fittest	punct
4	fittest	fittest	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 fittest	punct
6	really	really	ADV	_	7 mean	advmod
7	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 fittest	xcomp
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 fittest	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fittest in a quote	present · do-support							tree rules
2	mean	infinitive							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

The one with the biggest muscles and the loudest roar in the land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	6 muscles	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 muscles	det
5	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 muscles	amod
6	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 one	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 roar	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 roar	det
9	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	10 roar	amod
10	roar	roar	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 muscles	conj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 land	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 land	det
13	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 roar	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The one that eats the most

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 eats	nsubj
4	eats	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 one	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 most	det
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 eats	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	present	the one						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Best fitted to its place, which may be a small or gentle animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	2 fitted	advmod
2	fitted	fit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 place	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 place	nmod:poss
5	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fitted	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 animal	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 animal	nsubj
8	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 animal	aux
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 animal	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 animal	det
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 animal	amod
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 gentle	cc
13	gentle	gentle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 small	conj
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 place	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fit	participle						to its place goal; well property	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to place=Goal
2	is a	may	its place	a small animal					tree rules

Option 4

The one who wins the most fights

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 one	det
2	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 wins	nsubj
4	wins	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 one	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fights	det
6	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 fights	amod
7	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wins	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	present	the one	the most fights					vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/280-evolution-myths-put-right-monkeys-the-strongest-and-missing-links/t2/