Test 2 · ★ · Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nat…

In cartoons a wolf always howls at a big full moon. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: wolf · What happens: howl, be · To what, where: cartoons

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 283 «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In cartoons a wolf always howls at a big full moon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 cartoons	case
2	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 howls	obl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 wolf	det
4	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 howls	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 howls	advmod
6	howls	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	at	at	ADP	_	11 moon	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 moon	det
9	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 moon	amod
10	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 moon	amod
11	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 howls	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 howls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	howl	present	a wolf			cartoons		at a big full moon; always property	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at moon=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Wolves howl to make the moon rise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 howl	nsubj
2	howl	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 make	mark
4	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 howl	advcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rise	det
6	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 rise	compound
7	rise	rise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	howl	present	Wolves						vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	make	to-infinitive	Wolves not said here	the moon rise					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rise=Product

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Wolves howl to call their pack at any time, and the moon has nothing to do with it

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 howl	nsubj
2	howl	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 call	mark
4	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 howl	acl
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 pack	nmod:poss
6	pack	pack	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 call	obj
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 time	case
8	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 time	det
9	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 call	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 has	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 has	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 moon	det
13	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 has	nsubj
14	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 howl	conj
15	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	14 has	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 do	mark
17	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 nothing	acl
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 it	case
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 do	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	howl	present	Wolves				vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	call	to-infinitive		Wolves's pack	time		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pack=Recipient
3	have	present	the moon	nothing			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient
4	do	to-infinitive	the moon not said here	nothing not said here		with moon	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Wolves howl because the bright light of the full moon hurts their eyes at night

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 howl	nsubj
2	howl	howl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 hurts	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 light	det
5	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 light	amod
6	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hurts	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 moon	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 moon	det
9	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 moon	amod
10	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 light	nmod
11	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 howl	advcl
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 eyes	nmod:poss
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hurts	obj
14	at	at	ADP	_	15 night	case
15	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hurts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	howl	present	Wolves			vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	hurt	present	the bright light of the full moon	Wolves's eyes	night	vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eye=Patient
3	light			the full moon		nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Wolves can only howl at a full moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 howl	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 howl	aux
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 howl	advmod
4	howl	howl	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 moon	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 moon	det
7	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 moon	amod
8	moon	moon	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 howl	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	howl	can	Wolves					at a full moon	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at moon=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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