Exam question 2 · Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the circumstances of most dog bites to children.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, circumstances

This is exam question 2 of lesson 292 «Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 circumstances	det
11	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 bites	case
13	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 bites	amod
14	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bites	compound
15	bites	bite	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 circumstances	nmod
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 children	case
17	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 bites	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the circumstances of most dog bites to children		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus circumstance=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are inflicted chiefly by assistance dogs on duty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inflicted	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inflicted	aux:pass
3	inflicted	inflict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	3 inflicted	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 dogs	case
6	assistance	assistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dogs	compound
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inflicted	obl:agent
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 duty	case
9	duty	duty	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 dogs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inflict	present · passive	assistance dogs on duty	They				chiefly property	tree rules

Option 2

They are inflicted chiefly by wild wolves encountered in forests and remote countryside

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inflicted	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inflicted	aux:pass
3	inflicted	inflict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	3 inflicted	advmod
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	8 encountered	mark
6	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 wolves	amod
7	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 encountered	nsubj
8	encountered	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 inflicted	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 forests	case
10	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 encountered	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 countryside	cc
12	remote	remote	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 countryside	amod
13	countryside	countryside	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forests	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inflict	present · passive		They				chiefly property	tree rules
2	encounter	past	wild wolves			forests and remote countryside			vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

They occur exclusively in public parks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 occur	nsubj
2	occur	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 occur	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 parks	case
5	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 parks	amod
6	parks	park	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 occur	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present	They			public parks		exclusively property	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in park=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are inflicted chiefly by dogs known to the child, frequently within the home

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 inflicted	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inflicted	aux:pass
3	inflicted	inflict	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	3 inflicted	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 dogs	case
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inflicted	obl:agent
7	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 dogs	acl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 child	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 child	det
10	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 known	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 frequently	punct
12	frequently	frequently	ADV	_	3 inflicted	advmod
13	within	within	ADP	_	15 home	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 home	det
15	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inflicted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inflict	present · passive	dogs	They				within the home; chiefly, frequently property	tree rules
2	know	participle		dogs not said here				to the child	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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