Exam question 3 · Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a growl?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: significance

This is exam question 3 of lesson 292 «Dogs from wolves to best friends: living with dogs today» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 significance	det
10	significance	significance	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 growl	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 growl	det
13	growl	growl	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 significance	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the significance of a growl				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It signifies hunger exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 signifies	nsubj
2	signifies	signify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hunger	hung	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 signifies	advmod
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 signifies	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	signify	present	It					exclusively, hung property	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Option 2

It is an expression of contentment, comparable to the purring of the domestic cat

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 expression	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 expression	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 expression	det
4	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 contentment	case
6	contentment	contentment	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 expression	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 comparable	punct
8	comparable	comparable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 expression	amod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 purring	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 purring	det
11	purring	purring	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 comparable	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 cat	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cat	det
14	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 cat	amod
15	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 purring	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a expression				of contentment	tree rules

Option 3

It is invariably followed by play

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 followed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 followed	aux:pass
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 followed	advmod
4	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 play	case
6	play	play	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 followed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	present · passive	play	It				invariably property	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is a warning, the suppression of which may result in a bite without warning

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 warning	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 warning	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 warning	det
4	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 suppression	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 suppression	det
7	suppression	suppression	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 warning	appos
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 result	obl
10	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 result	aux
11	result	result	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 suppression	acl:relcl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 bite	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bite	det
14	bite	bite	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 result	obl
15	without	without	ADP	_	16 warning	case
16	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 result	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a warning					tree rules
2	result	may				a bite		of the suppression; without warning	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bite=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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