Exam question 3 · Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed anim…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between domestication and training?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: distinction

This is exam question 3 of lesson 293 «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distinction	det
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 domestication	case
12	domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 distinction	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 training	cc
14	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 domestication	conj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the distinction				of the following statements; between domestication and training; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Training alters a species over many generations, whereas domestication instructs a single animal within its lifetime

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 generations	case
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 generations	amod
7	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 alters	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 instructs	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 instructs	mark
10	domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 instructs	nsubj
11	instructs	instruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 alters	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 animal	det
13	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 animal	amod
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 instructs	obj
15	within	within	ADP	_	17 lifetime	case
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 lifetime	nmod:poss
17	lifetime	lifetime	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 instructs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	Training	a species			over many generations		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent species=Patient
2	instruct speech: other	present	domestication		a single animal			within domestication's lifetime	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient

Option 2

Domestication and training are identical processes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 processes	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 training	cc
3	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Domestication	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 processes	cop
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 processes	amod
6	processes	process	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Domestication and training	identical processes					tree rules

Option 3

Domestication pertains exclusively to circus animals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pertains	nsubj
2	pertains	pertain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 pertains	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 animals	case
5	circus	circus	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animals	amod
6	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pertains	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pertain	present	Domestication					to circus animals; exclusively property	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to animal=Co-Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Domestication alters a species over many generations, whereas training instructs an individual animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Domestication	domestication	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 species	det
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
5	over	over	ADP	_	7 generations	case
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 generations	amod
7	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 alters	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 instructs	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	11 instructs	mark
10	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 instructs	nsubj
11	instructs	instruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 alters	conj
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 animal	det
13	individual	individual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 animal	amod
14	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 instructs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	Domestication	a species			over many generations		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent species=Patient
2	instruct speech: other	present	training		a individual animal				vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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