Exam question 2 · The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes

Identify the principal reason for which antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of the common cold.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, antibiotics · What happens: identify, be, treat · To what, where: principal reason, treatment, common cold

This is exam question 2 of lesson 299 «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 ineffective	obl
7	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 ineffective	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 ineffective	cop
9	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 treatment	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 treatment	det
12	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ineffective	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 cold	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 cold	det
15	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 cold	amod
16	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 treatment	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	is	present	antibiotics		the treatment of the common cold	for the principal reason; ineffective property	tree rules
3	treat			the common cold			nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The common cold is caused by viruses, upon which antibiotics have no effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 viruses	case
7	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 have	punct
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 have	obl
11	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 have	nsubj
12	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	conj
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 effect	det
14	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	viruses	the common cold					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient
2	have	present	antibiotics	no effect					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 2

Antibiotics act exclusively upon fungi

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 act	nsubj
2	act	act	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 act	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 fungi	case
5	fungi	fungus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 act	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	act	present	Antibiotics					upon fungi; exclusively property	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The common cold is caused by bacteria resistant to all medicines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cold	det
2	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cold	amod
3	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	aux:pass
5	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 bacteria	case
7	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	obl:agent
8	resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bacteria	amod
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 medicines	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 medicines	det
11	medicines	medicine	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 caused	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	present · passive	bacteria	the common cold				to all medicines	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient

Option 4

Antibiotics are effective solely in persons of advanced age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effective	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 effective	cop
3	effective	effective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 effective	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 persons	case
6	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 effective	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 age	case
8	advanced	advanced	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 age	amod
9	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 persons	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Antibiotics					in persons of advanced age; effective, solely property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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