Exam question 3 · The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of action of a vaccine?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: vaccine · What happens: follow, characteris, act · To what, where: mode

This is exam question 3 of lesson 299 «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mode	det
10	mode	mode	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 action	case
12	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mode	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 vaccine	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 vaccine	det
15	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 action	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the mode of action of a vaccine	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	act		a vaccine			nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It destroys forthwith every micro-organism within the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 destroys	nsubj
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	forthwith	forthwith	ADV	_	2 destroys	advmod
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 micro-organism	det
5	micro-organism	micro-organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obj
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 body	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 body	det
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 destroys	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy	present	It	every micro-organism				within the body; forthwith property	vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument micro-organism=Patient

Option 2

It lowers the temperature of the blood below that tolerated by pathogens, which thereupon perish

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lowers	nsubj
2	lowers	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 temperature	det
4	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lowers	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 blood	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 blood	det
7	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 temperature	nmod
8	below	below	ADP	_	9 that	case
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 blood	nmod
10	tolerated	tolerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 blood	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 pathogens	case
12	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 tolerated	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 perish	punct
14	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 perish	obj
15	thereupon	thereupon	ADV	_	16 perish	advmod
16	perish	perish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 blood	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lower	present	It	the temperature of the blood below that		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme
2	tolerate	participle		the blood below that not said here	by pathogens	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
3	perish	present		the blood below that	thereupon property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It presents to the body a harmless copy or part of a pathogen, whereby immunity is acquired

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 presents	nsubj
2	presents	present	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 body	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 body	det
5	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 copy	det
7	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 copy	amod
8	copy	copy	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presents	obj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 part	cc
10	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 copy	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 pathogen	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pathogen	det
13	pathogen	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 part	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 acquired	punct
15	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	18 acquired	advmod
16	immunity	immunity	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 acquired	nsubj:pass
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 acquired	aux:pass
18	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 copy	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	present	present	It	a harmless copy or part of a pathogen	the body				vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent copy=Theme to body=Recipient
2	acquire	present · passive		immunity				whereby property	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

It forms a barrier upon the skin impermeable to pathogens

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 barrier	det
4	barrier	barrier	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 skin	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 skin	det
7	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 barrier	nmod
8	impermeable	impermeable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 forms	xcomp
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 pathogens	case
10	pathogens	pathogen	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 impermeable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	It	a barrier				upon the skin; impermeable property	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location barrier=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/e3/