Test 4 · ★ · How owls work: silent wings, turning heads, pellets and ow…

In Winnie-the-Pooh, Owl is the clever one who knows everything, yet spells his own name «Wol». What is true about real owls?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Owl, clever one · What happens: be, know, spell, name · To what, where: clever one, Winnie, everything, own name

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 302 «How owls work: silent wings, turning heads, pellets and owl myths» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Winnie-the-Pooh, Owl is the clever one who knows everything, yet spells his own name «Wol».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Winnie	case
2	Winnie	Winnie	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 one	obl
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 Pooh	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Pooh	det
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 the	punct
6	Pooh	Pooh	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Winnie	flat
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Winnie	punct
8	Owl	Owl	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 one	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 one	cop
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 one	det
11	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 one	amod
12	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 knows	nsubj
14	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 one	acl:relcl
15	everything	everything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	14 knows	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 spells	punct
17	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	18 spells	cc
18	spells	spell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 knows	conj
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 name	nmod:poss
20	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 name	amod
21	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 spells	obj
22	«	«	PUNCT	_	23 Wol	punct
23	Wol	Wol	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 name	appos
24	»	»	PUNCT	_	23 Wol	punct
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 one	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	present	Owl	the clever one	Winnie	tree rules
2	know	present	the clever one	everything		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer everything=Stimulus
3	spell	present	the clever one not said here	Owl's own name		vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent name=Theme
4	name		Owl			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true about real owls?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 owls	case
5	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 owls	amod
6	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about real owls; true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

They are the only birds that can count to ten and beyond

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 birds	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 birds	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 birds	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 birds	amod
5	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 count	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 count	aux
8	count	count	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 birds	acl:relcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 ten	case
10	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 count	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 count	cc
12	beyond	beyond	ADV	_	8 count	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	the only birds					tree rules
2	count	can	the only birds					to ten; beyond property	vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ten=Experiencer

Option 2

They are the cleverest of all birds, much cleverer than crows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 cleverest	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cleverest	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cleverest	det
4	cleverest	clever	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 birds	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	7 birds	det
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cleverest	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 cleverer	punct
9	much	much	ADV	_	10 cleverer	advmod
10	cleverer	clever	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 birds	acl:relcl
11	than	than	ADP	_	12 crows	case
12	crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cleverer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					of all birds; clever property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are superb hunters but not especially good at puzzles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hunters	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hunters	cop
3	superb	superb	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hunters	amod
4	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 good	cc
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 good	advmod
7	especially	especially	ADV	_	8 good	advmod
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hunters	conj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 puzzles	case
10	puzzles	puzzle	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 good	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	superb hunters					tree rules
2	not be		They not said here			puzzles		especially property	tree rules

Option 4

They can learn to read and write

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 learn	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 learn	aux
3	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 read	mark
5	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 learn	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 write	cc
7	write	write	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 read	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	learn	can	They	vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	read	to-infinitive	They not said here	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	write	infinitive	They not said here	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/302-how-owls-work-silent-wings-turning-heads-pellets-and-owl-myths/t4/