Exam question 1 · Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants…

Identify the means by which weaver ants join the edges of leaves in the construction of their nests.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, weaver ants · What happens: identify, mean, join, construct · To what, where: edges, construction, nests · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 304 «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 join	obl
6	weaver	weaver	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ants	compound
7	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 join	nsubj
8	join	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 edges	det
10	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 join	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 leaves	case
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 edges	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 construction	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 construction	det
15	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 join	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 nests	case
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 nests	nmod:poss
18	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 construction	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	join	present	weaver ants	the edges of leaves	the construction of ants's nests	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient
4	construct			ants's nests		nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Wax secreted from glands upon the abdomen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wax	Wax	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 secreted	nsubj
2	secreted	secrete	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 glands	case
4	glands	gland	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 secreted	obl
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 abdomen	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 abdomen	det
7	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 secreted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	secrete	past	Wax			glands		upon the abdomen	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Silk produced by larvae held by worker ants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Silk	silk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Silk	acl
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 larvae	case
4	larvae	larva	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 produced	obl
5	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 larvae	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 ants	case
7	worker	worker	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ants	compound
8	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 held	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	participle		Silk not said here				by larvae	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	hold	participle		larvae not said here				by worker ants	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by ant=Location

Option 3

Mud transported from the ground below

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	transported	transport	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Mud	acl
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 ground	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ground	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 transported	obl
6	below	below	ADV	_	5 ground	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transport	participle		Mud not said here		the ground			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Resin collected from the bark of trees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Resin	resin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collected	nsubj
2	collected	collect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 bark	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bark	det
5	bark	bark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collected	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 trees	case
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bark	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collect	past	Resin			the bark of trees			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from bark=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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