Exam question 2 · Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the experiment in which Saharan desert ants were fitted with stilts.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, fit · To what, where: response, experiment, Saharan desert ants

This is exam question 2 of lesson 304 «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 experiment	det
11	experiment	experiment	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 which	case
13	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 fitted	obl
14	Saharan	Saharan	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 ants	compound
15	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 ants	compound
16	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 fitted	nsubj:pass
17	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 fitted	aux:pass
18	fitted	fit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 experiment	acl:relcl
19	with	with	ADP	_	20 stilts	case
20	stilts	stilt	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 fitted	obl
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the experiment			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus experiment=Experiencer
4	fit	past · passive		Saharan desert ants	the experiment	with stilts	vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme in which=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The ants were unable to walk and remained stationary

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ants	det
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 unable	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 unable	cop
4	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 walk	mark
6	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 unable	xcomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 remained	cc
8	remained	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 unable	conj
9	stationary	stationary	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 remained	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	the ants		unable property	tree rules
2	walk	to-infinitive	the ants not said here			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	remain	past	the ants not said here	stationary		vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stationary=Attribute

Option 2

The ants returned precisely to their nest, indicating that they rely solely upon smell

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ants	det
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 returned	nsubj
3	returned	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	3 returned	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 nest	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 nest	nmod:poss
7	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 returned	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 indicating	punct
9	indicating	indicate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 returned	advcl
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 rely	mark
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 rely	nsubj
12	rely	rely	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 indicating	advcl
13	solely	solely	ADV	_	12 rely	advmod
14	upon	upon	ADP	_	15 smell	case
15	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 rely	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	return	past	the ants	to ants's nest result; precisely property	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to nest=Result
2	indicate	gerund	the ants not said here		vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
3	rely	present	ants = ant	upon smell; solely property	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The ants abandoned their nest and constructed another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ants	det
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 abandoned	nsubj
3	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 nest	nmod:poss
5	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 abandoned	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 constructed	cc
7	constructed	construct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 abandoned	conj
8	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	7 constructed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abandon	past	the ants	ants's nest					vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme nest=Source
2	construct	past	the ants not said here	another					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent another=Result

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The ants overshot their nest, indicating that they measure distance by a form of step counting

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ants	det
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 overshot	nsubj
3	overshot	overshoot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 nest	nmod:poss
5	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 overshot	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 indicating	punct
7	indicating	indicate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 overshot	advcl
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 measure	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 measure	nsubj
10	measure	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 indicating	advcl
11	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 measure	obj
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 form	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 form	det
14	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 measure	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 step	case
16	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 form	nmod
17	counting	count	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 step	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	overshoot	past	the ants	ants's nest		tree rules
2	indicate	gerund	the ants not said here			vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot
3	measure	present	ants = ant	distance	by a form of step	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme distance=Value
4	count	gerund	step not said here			vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
5	form			step		nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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