Exam question 2 · Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter…
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the mode of life of the majority of bee species?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: mode
This is exam question 2 of lesson 305 «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 mode | det |
| 10 | mode | mode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 life | case |
| 12 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 mode | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 majority | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 majority | det |
| 15 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 life | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 species | case |
| 17 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 species | compound |
| 18 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 majority | nmod |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the mode of life of the majority of bee species | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
They inhabit large colonies governed by a single queen and served by many thousands of workers
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 inhabit | nsubj |
| 2 | inhabit | inhabit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 colonies | amod |
| 4 | colonies | colony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 inhabit | obj |
| 5 | governed | govern | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 colonies | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 queen | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 queen | det |
| 8 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 queen | amod |
| 9 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 governed | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 served | cc |
| 11 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 governed | conj |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 thousands | case |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 thousands | amod |
| 14 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 governed | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 workers | case |
| 16 | workers | worker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 thousands | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | inhabit | present | They | large colonies | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | govern | participle | large colonies not said here | by a single queen; by many thousands of workers | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | serve | participle | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
They live as parasites within the nests of ants
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 4 parasites | case |
| 4 | parasites | parasite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 5 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 nests | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 nests | det |
| 7 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 ants | case |
| 9 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 nests | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | They | as parasites; within the nests of ants | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
They live in pairs comprising a male and a female
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 pairs | case |
| 4 | pairs | pair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 5 | comprising | comprise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 pairs | acl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 male | det |
| 7 | male | male | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 comprising | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 female | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 female | det |
| 10 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 male | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | They | pairs | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location | ||||
| 2 | comprise | gerund | pairs not said here | a male and a female | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme male=Pivot |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
They are solitary, each female constructing and provisioning her own nest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 solitary | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 solitary | cop |
| 3 | solitary | solitary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 female | punct |
| 5 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 female | det |
| 6 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 solitary | appos |
| 7 | constructing | construct | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 female | acl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 provisioning | cc |
| 9 | provisioning | provision | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 constructing | conj |
| 10 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 nest | nmod:poss |
| 11 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 nest | amod |
| 12 | nest | nest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 provisioning | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | They | solitary property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | construct | gerund | each female not said here | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | provision | gerund | each female not said here | her own nest | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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