Exam question 3 · Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the supposed proof that bumblebees cannot fly.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, bumblebees · What happens: select, establish, concern, suppose, not fly · To what, where: response, supposed proof

This is exam question 3 of lesson 305 «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 proof	det
11	supposed	suppose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 proof	amod
12	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	that	that	SCONJ	_	17 fly	mark
14	bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 fly	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 fly	aux
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 fly	advmod
17	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 proof	acl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the supposed proof		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus proof=Experiencer
4	suppose	participle				vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
5	not fly	can	bumblebees	the supposed proof not said here		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location proof=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It applies to bumblebees but not to other bees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 applies	nsubj
2	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	4 bumblebees	case
4	bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 applies	obl
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 bees	cc
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 bees	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 bees	case
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 bees	amod
9	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bumblebees	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	It					to bumblebees but other bees	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It was confirmed by careful measurement of flying bees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 confirmed	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 confirmed	aux:pass
3	confirmed	confirm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 measurement	case
5	careful	careful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 measurement	amod
6	measurement	measurement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confirmed	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 bees	case
8	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 bees	amod
9	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 measurement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	confirm	past · passive	careful measurement of flying bees	It	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic
2	fly	gerund			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	measure			flying bees	nom measurement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It demonstrates that bumblebees glide without flapping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 demonstrates	nsubj
2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 glide	mark
4	bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 glide	nsubj
5	glide	glide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 demonstrates	ccomp
6	without	without	SCONJ	_	7 flapping	mark
7	flapping	flap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 glide	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	demonstrate	present	It	vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic
2	glide	present	bumblebees	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	flap	gerund	bumblebees not said here	vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It arose from an approximate calculation treating the wing as a rigid aeroplane wing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 arose	nsubj
2	arose	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 calculation	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 calculation	det
5	approximate	approximate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 calculation	amod
6	calculation	calculation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arose	obl
7	treating	treat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 calculation	acl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wing	det
9	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 treating	obj
10	as	as	ADP	_	14 wing	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 wing	det
12	rigid	rigid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 wing	amod
13	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 wing	compound
14	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 treating	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arise	past	It			a approximate calculation			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	treat	gerund	a approximate calculation not said here	the wing				as a rigid aeroplane wing	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent wing=Theme as wing=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/e3/