Exam question 4 · Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter…

Ascertain the means by which a bumblebee is enabled to fly in cool weather.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, the, bumblebee · What happens: ascertain, mean, enable, fly · To what, where: bumblebee, cool weather · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 4 of lesson 305 «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Ascertain	ccomp
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 enabled	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bumblebee	det
7	bumblebee	bumblebee	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 enabled	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 enabled	aux:pass
9	enabled	enable	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 means	ccomp
10	to	to	PART	_	11 fly	mark
11	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 enabled	xcomp
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 weather	case
13	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 weather	amod
14	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fly	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	enable	present · passive		a bumblebee		tree rules
4	fly	to-infinitive	a bumblebee not said here		cool weather	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in weather=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It consumes heated nectar stored in wax pots within its nest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consumes	nsubj
2	consumes	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heated	heat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 nectar	amod
4	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	obj
5	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 nectar	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 pots	case
7	wax	wax	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pots	compound
8	pots	pot	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stored	obl
9	within	within	ADP	_	11 nest	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 nest	nmod:poss
11	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consumes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	consume	present	It	heated nectar		within nectar's nest	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Asset
2	heat	participle					vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	store	participle		heated nectar not said here	wax pots		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in pot=Location

Option 2

It flies only when the air exceeds thirty degrees

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flies	nsubj
2	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	2 flies	advmod
4	when	when	SCONJ	_	7 exceeds	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 exceeds	nsubj
7	exceeds	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 flies	advcl
8	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 degrees	nummod
9	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 exceeds	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	It						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	exceed	present	the air	thirty degrees					vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot degree=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It warms its flight muscles by shivering and retains the heat beneath its fur

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 warms	nsubj
2	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 muscles	nmod:poss
4	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 muscles	compound
5	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 warms	obj
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 shivering	mark
7	shivering	shiver	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 warms	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 retains	cc
9	retains	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 warms	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 heat	det
11	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 retains	obj
12	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	14 fur	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 fur	nmod:poss
14	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 retains	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	warm	present	It	its flight muscles		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient
2	shiver	gerund				vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	retain	present		the heat	beneath heat's fur	tree rules

Option 4

It absorbs heat exclusively from warm flowers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 absorbs	nsubj
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absorbs	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 absorbs	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 flowers	case
6	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 flowers	amod
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 absorbs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	It	heat		warm flowers		exclusively property	vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal heat=Theme from flower=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/e4/