Exam question 1 · Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases…

Identify the structures designated elytra in beetles.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, structures · What happens: identify, designate · To what, where: elytra

This is exam question 1 of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 structures	det
3	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 designated	nsubj
4	designated	designate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	ccomp
5	elytra	elytra	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 designated	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 beetles	case
7	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 designated	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here						vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	designate	past	the structures	elytra				in beetles	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elytra=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hardened forewings that enclose and protect the membranous hind wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hardened	harden	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 forewings	amod
2	forewings	forewing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 protect	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 enclose	nsubj
4	enclose	enclose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 forewings	acl:relcl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 enclose	cc
6	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wings	det
8	membranous	membranous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wings	amod
9	hind	hind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wings	amod
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 protect	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	harden	participle			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	enclose	present	Hardened forewings		vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	protect	present	Hardened forewings	the membranous hind wings	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Beneficiary

Option 2

Segments of the foot employed in classification

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Segments	segment	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 foot	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 foot	det
4	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Segments	nmod
5	employed	employ	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 foot	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 classification	case
7	classification	classification	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 employed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	employ	participle		the foot not said here		classification			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Mouthparts adapted for the sucking of fluids

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mouthparts	mouthpart	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	adapted	adapt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Mouthparts	acl
3	for	for	ADP	_	7 fluids	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fluids	det
5	sucking	suck	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 fluids	amod
6	of	of	ADP	_	5 sucking	fixed
7	fluids	fluid	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 adapted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	adapt	participle		Mouthparts not said here				for the sucking fluids	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	suck	gerund							vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Sensory appendages situated upon the head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sensory	sensory	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 appendages	amod
2	appendages	appendage	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 appendages	acl
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 head	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 head	det
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 situated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	situate	participle		Sensory appendages not said here		the head			vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon head=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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