Exam question 2 · Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the number of described species of beetle?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, describe · To what, where: number

This is exam question 2 of lesson 306 «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 number	det
10	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 species	case
12	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 species	amod
13	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 number	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 beetle	case
15	beetle	beetle	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 species	nmod
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the number of described species of beetle	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	describe	participle			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Precisely one million species are described and no more remain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Precisely	precisely	ADV	_	3 million	advmod
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 million	compound
3	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 species	nummod
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 described	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 described	aux:pass
6	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 remain	cc
8	no	no	ADV	_	9 more	advmod
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 remain	amod
10	remain	remain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 described	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	present · passive		million species					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Approximately four hundred thousand species are described, more than any other animal group

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	4 thousand	advmod
2	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 hundred	compound
3	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 thousand	compound
4	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 species	nummod
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 described	nsubj:pass
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 described	aux:pass
7	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 more	punct
9	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 described	advmod
10	than	than	ADP	_	14 group	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	14 group	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 group	amod
13	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 group	compound
14	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	present · passive		thousand species					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Approximately four thousand species are described, fewer than birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	_	3 thousand	advmod
2	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 thousand	compound
3	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 species	nummod
4	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 described	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 described	aux:pass
6	described	describe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 fewer	punct
8	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 described	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 birds	case
10	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 fewer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	describe	present · passive		thousand species					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Beetles constitute a single species with numerous varieties

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	nsubj
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 species	det
4	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 species	amod
5	species	species	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitute	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 varieties	case
7	numerous	numerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 varieties	amod
8	varieties	variety	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 constitute	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	Beetles	a single species				with numerous varieties	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme species=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/e2/